Fence Construction by Elite Home Solutions
Construction, Installation, Replacement, and Repair
Elite Home Solutions offers fence construction in Arkansas. We are a licensed contractor and are experienced in fence building, installation, repair, and replacement. We can install a wide range of fencing materials including wood, steel, iron, composite, vinyl, and other materials. We can customize your fence with caps, pickets, finials, trim, and other elements to make your fence pop and to match the fence to the overall aesthetics of your home or business. We can construct various styles of fences including privacy fences, decorative fences, picket fences, and many other common fence types. The type and material for your fence will depend on various factors including durability, maintenance requirements, and budget. To get a quote on fence construction, we will come to your property to discuss your needs and measure the property and assess elevation. We will enter the information into our software which will help us determine the specs and costs for your fencing project.
Keep reading to learn more about fence construction. We are here to answer any questions that you may have. If you would like to request a quote, please use our quote form.
Fence Construction Basics | Common Questions
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Fences serve a variety of purposes. Fences act as physical barriers to confine or exclude people or animals, delineate property boundaries, or enhance the aesthetic appeal of a space. The materials used in fence construction are diverse, and range from traditional materials like timber, earth, stone, and metal to living plants.
In regions with abundant timber resources, such as colonial and 19th-century North America, a rich variety of timber fence designs emerged. These included the distinctive split rail fence, characterized by roughly hewn rails interlocked in a zigzag pattern, requiring no posts or fasteners. The post-and-rail fence, a simpler design using vertical posts and horizontal rails, was also common. Picket fences, with their evenly spaced vertical boards, provided a more refined and decorative option.
In areas where timber and stone were scarce, alternative materials were employed. On the vast East European Plain and in the drier regions of the western United States, fences constructed from turf, or sod, were a practical solution. These earthen barriers, built by stacking layers of cut turf, could endure for many years, particularly in the absence of significant rainfall, demonstrating the ingenuity of utilizing locally available resources.
Living fences, created from carefully cultivated vegetation, have a long history in various parts of the world. Notable examples include the meticulously maintained hedges of Great Britain and continental Europe, which often form intricate patterns and provide shelter for wildlife. In arid regions like Latin America, fences of densely planted cacti offer a formidable natural barrier.
Elite Home Solutions understand how to build a beautiful, function, and durable fence.
Fence construction is the process of building a barrier (typically around a property) using various materials and techniques. Elite Home Solutions is licensed and insured and has the expertise to durable fencing using quality workmanship and products. While fences can vary significantly in design and purpose – fences generally rely on three fundamental elements:
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Posts: These are the vertical supports that provide the primary structure and stability for the fence. They are typically set into the ground and act as anchors for the rest of the fence components. Posts can be made from various materials, including wood, metal, and concrete.
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Rails: These are the horizontal members that connect the posts, providing lateral support and creating a framework for the infill material. Like posts, rails can be constructed from wood, metal, or composite materials.
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Infill material: This is what fills the spaces between the posts and rails, creating the actual barrier. Common infill materials include:
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Pickets: Vertical boards attached to the rails - often used in decorative fences.
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Panels: Pre-assembled sections of fencing, which can be made from various materials like wood, vinyl, or metal.
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Mesh or wire: Interwoven strands of metal used for chain-link or wire fences.
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Beyond these core components, several other elements can be incorporated into fence construction to enhance functionality, durability, or aesthetics:
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Post anchors: These are used to secure the posts in the ground, especially in areas with high winds or unstable soil. Anchors can include concrete footings, metal brackets, or other specialized anchoring systems.
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Post caps: Caps are decorative or protective covers placed on top of the posts to prevent water damage and enhance the fence's appearance.
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Finials: These are ornamental decorations placed on top of posts or other parts of the fence, adding a touch of style.
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Trim or molding: Decorative strips of material used to cover joints or edges, which provides a more finished look.
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Lattice: A crisscrossed pattern of strips used as an infill material or as a decorative element on top of or below the fence.
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Trim board: A flat board used to frame the top or bottom of the fence, which adds a clean and finished edge.
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Kickboard: A horizontal board placed at the bottom of the fence to prevent animals from digging underneath or to retain mulch or soil.
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Gates: Hinged or sliding barriers that provide access through the fence.
The specific combination of these elements used in fence construction depends on factors such as the desired function of the fence, the available materials, the desired aesthetic, and your budget. If you are looking to build a fence or need to repair or replace an existing fence, Elite Home Solutions can help.
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Professional fence construction is the process of designing and installing a fence by a professional or licensed contractor like Elite Home Solutions. Since fence construction is usually a large project and involves precise measurement, accounting for elevation changes in posts, and permits, we suggest using a professional to build the fence of your dreams! Elite Home Solutions has years of construction and fence building experience and we are committed to quality workmanship and products. We have built fences across Northwest and Northeast Arkansas. Fence construction needs precision and accuracy to ensure the fence lasts its full lifetime. When we are constructing a fence, we factor in weather conditions, soil condition, slope, and other factors. Meticulous measurement is required so that the fence not only looks great but also functions well. We use our many years of experience and the customer’s needs to determine the best fencing solution. We are insured, licensed, and understand codes and permits. We will pull the proper permits prior to starting your fence building project. As a licensed contractor in AR, we can design install, repair, and replace fences at homes and businesses across Arkansas.
To schedule or request a quote, use our quote form or call us at (479) 231-1199.
DIY fence construction is when a consumer builds a fence instead of hiring a professional fencing contractor like Elite Home Solutions. Some people are able to build their own fences; however, building a fence involves a lot of time, precision, and accuracy to ensure the fence is level, sturdy, and durable. If elevation is not properly accounted for, the posts will not be level – which for a fence is not visually appealing. For most people, we suggest using a professional for fence construction. Elite Home Solutions is a top-rated licensed contractor and roofer in Arkansas. We are licensed and insured and have the expertise to build privacy, decorative, wood fences, metal fences, and any type of fencing you can visualize.
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Fence construction offers a multitude of benefits that extend far beyond simply marking property lines. A significant advantage is the potential to increase property value. A well-maintained and appropriately styled fence can significantly enhance a home's worth. While the exact increase varies depending on factors like location, materials, and the overall housing market, estimates suggest that a fence can boost property value by 30% to 70%, with an average increase of around 50%. This translates to a substantial return on investment. Data indicates an average cost recovery rate of approximately 50% for fencing projects. For example, a $10,000 investment in a new fence could potentially increase the property's value by $5,000.
Beyond financial gain, fences enhance privacy by creating a visual and physical barrier, which provides a sense of seclusion and shields homeowners from the view of neighbors and passersby. This enhanced privacy contributes to a more relaxed and comfortable living environment. Fences also play a crucial role in safety and protection. Fences act as a deterrent to unwanted entry - providing a layer of security for both the property and its occupants. Fences also can deter trespassers, prevent children from wandering into dangerous areas, and offer protection from wildlife.
Aesthetically, fences can significantly enhance the appeal of a property. A well-designed fence complements the architecture of the house and the surrounding landscape, which adds to the overall curb appeal and creates a more visually pleasing environment. Fences can also contribute to noise reduction by helping to mitigate noise pollution from neighboring properties, roads, or other sources. The solid barrier of a fence can absorb and deflect sound waves, which creates a quieter and more peaceful environment within the property.
For pet owners, fences provide a safe and enclosed space for pets to roam and play without the risk of escaping or encountering dangers such as traffic or other animals. This offers peace of mind and allows pets to enjoy outdoor activities safely. Fences also offer a wide range of customization possibilities in terms of materials, styles, colors, and features. This allows homeowners to create a fence that perfectly suits their individual needs, preferences, and the overall aesthetic of their property.
Functionally, fences provide a clear and unambiguous demarcation of property lines, which prevents disputes with neighbors and establishes a clear sense of ownership. This clarity can be especially important in areas with less defined boundaries or in situations involving shared property lines. Fences, especially those with gates, allow for controlled access to the property, which can be important for security purposes, allowing homeowners to manage who enters and exits their property. Additionally, fences can act as windbreaks - reducing the impact of strong winds on the property. Wind reduction can be beneficial for protecting plants, preventing erosion, and creating a more comfortable outdoor environment. And in sloped areas, fences can help to prevent soil erosion by acting as a barrier to runoff and helping to retain soil, which can be especially important in areas prone to heavy rainfall or where landscaping features are susceptible to erosion.
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When it comes to fence construction, the material selection is crucial. Fence materials impact factors like durability, maintenance requirements, and aesthetic appeal. Here's a breakdown of some common fence materials:
Wood: A traditional and versatile choice - wood fences offer several advantages. Wood fences can be easily repaired, stained, or painted to match existing structures or personal preferences. Additionally, wood fences can be refinished over time to maintain their appearance. However, wood is susceptible to rot and warping, especially in harsh weather conditions. Regular maintenance, such as sealing and staining, is necessary to ensure longevity.
Vinyl: Known for its low-maintenance appeal, vinyl fencing is a popular choice for modern properties. Vinyl is resistant to warping, rotting, and rust - making it a durable option that requires minimal upkeep. Cleaning is generally straightforward - often only requiring a hose to remove dirt and debris. However, vinyl fences cannot be refinished and repairs can be more challenging compared to wood.
Composite: Combining the aesthetics of wood with the low-maintenance benefits of vinyl - composite fences are an attractive option for many homeowners. Composite materials are typically a blend of wood fibers and recycled plastic, which offer a natural look with superior weather resistance. While generally more expensive than vinyl, composite fences require minimal maintenance, and can last for many years.
Metal: Metal fences encompass various options - each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Aluminum fences are lightweight, durable, and rust-resistant, making aluminum fences a good choice for areas prone to harsh weather conditions. Wrought iron fences offer a classic and elegant aesthetic, which are ideal for properties seeking a timeless look. However, wrought iron requires more maintenance than aluminum to prevent rust. Steel fences prioritize strength and security and are often used in high-security areas.
Other Materials: Chain-link fences, which are constructed from interwoven metal wires, provide a cost-effective and durable option for defining property lines or securing animal enclosures. Concrete, brick, and stone fences offer a permanent and low maintenance solution but come at a higher cost and require professional installation. For a natural and sustainable approach, bamboo fences can be a suitable choice in some climates, though they may require regular maintenance to prevent cracking or warping. Wire fences, which are made from tensioned wires and metal posts, are a simple and economical option for defining boundaries in rural or agricultural settings. Ultimately, the best fence material depends on your specific needs and priorities. Consider factors like budget, desired aesthetics, and maintenance requirements before making your choice.
Elite Home Solutions can help you choose the best materials based on your needs. We have the experience and knowledge to build any type of fence – from wood or metal to composite fencing, we can design and install a fence that is functional and beautiful.
There's no one-size-fits-all answer - the ideal material will depend on your individual needs and priorities. One of the most important aspects to consider is durability. How long do you need the fence to last, and what kind of weather conditions will it need to withstand? Some materials, like vinyl and metal, are inherently more resistant to rot, insects, and weather damage than wood, but may come at a higher initial cost.
Maintenance is another crucial factor. How much time and effort are you willing to invest in maintaining your fence? Wood fences, while aesthetically pleasing, require regular staining or painting to prevent rot and warping. Vinyl and metal fences, on the other hand, typically require minimal maintenance, making them a more convenient option for busy homeowners. Privacy is often a primary concern for homeowners considering a fence. If seclusion is a top priority, materials like solid wood panels or vinyl privacy fences are excellent choices, as they create a solid barrier that blocks views from the outside.
Aesthetics also play a significant role in the decision-making process. The style of your home and the surrounding landscape should be considered when choosing a fence material. Wood offers a classic and natural look that complements many architectural styles, while metal fences can provide a more modern or elegant aesthetic. Vinyl offers a clean and uniform appearance, while composite materials aim to mimic the look of wood with enhanced durability.
Environmental conditions in your area should also influence your choice. If you live in a region with harsh weather conditions, such as heavy rain, strong winds, or extreme temperatures, you'll need a material that can withstand these elements. For example, vinyl and metal are more resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations than wood. Finally, budget is always a key consideration.
Different fence materials vary significantly in cost, both in terms of initial purchase price and long-term maintenance expenses. It's important to weigh the upfront costs against the long-term value and durability of each material to make an informed decision that fits your budget.
At Elite Home Solutions, we understand that a new or replacement fence is an investment and we work with you to make sure the fence meets your needs and is built to last.
Several design elements can transform a standard fence into a unique and eye-catching feature, adding character and enhancing the overall aesthetic of a property. These details allow homeowners to personalize their outdoor spaces and create a fence that complements their home's architecture and landscaping. Elite Home Solutions can design and install a beautiful, eye catching, and durable fence – that is built to last. We can incorporate elements to take the aesthetics of your fence to a whole new level!
Trim or Molding: Trim and molding are decorative strips, typically made of wood, vinyl, or composite materials, that add architectural detail to a fence. They can be applied to various parts of the fence, such as the top, bottom, or along the rails, to create a more finished and polished look. Different trim styles, from simple flat boards to ornate profiles like crown molding, can achieve various aesthetic effects. For instance, adding a decorative trim to the top of a plain fence can instantly elevate its appearance, giving it a more sophisticated and custom feel.
Lattice: Lattice, characterized by its crisscrossed pattern of thin strips, is a versatile element that adds both visual interest and functionality. It can be used as infill between posts and rails, creating a semi-private screen that allows for airflow and some visibility while still providing a sense of enclosure. Lattice can also be placed above a solid fence section to add height and soften the overall look, which is particularly effective for privacy fences that might otherwise appear too imposing. Additionally, lattice serves as an excellent support structure for climbing plants, transforming a fence into a living green wall.
Cap Board: Also known as a top rail or top cap, a cap board is a horizontal board that runs along the top of the fence posts. While it provides some structural support, its primary purpose is aesthetic. The cap board creates a clean, finished edge to the top of the fence, enhancing its visual appeal and protecting the exposed tops of the posts from weathering. Cap boards can range from simple, flat boards to more decorative options with beveled or rounded edges, and they can be wider than the fence boards for a more substantial look.
Post Caps: Post caps are covers that fit over the tops of fence posts, serving both functional and decorative purposes. They protect the posts from the elements, preventing water damage, rot, and insect infestation, which prolongs the life of the fence. Post caps also add a finishing touch to the fence's design, coming in various styles, materials (such as wood, vinyl, copper, or metal), and finishes. They can be simple and understated or more ornate, adding a decorative flair to the fence.
Finials: Finials are decorative ornaments placed on top of fence posts, gate pickets, or other structural peaks. They are purely aesthetic elements that add a touch of elegance and visual interest. Finials can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, metal, and stone, and come in numerous shapes and sizes, from simple points to elaborate carvings. They are often found on wrought iron fences but can also enhance the look of other fence types.
A fence gate serves as a designated point of entry through a fence, which is typically a shorter, movable section incorporated into the fence line to provide access to a property. Often more ornate than the surrounding fence, gates can be constructed from diverse materials, including wood, vinyl, aluminum, and chain link, allowing for a wide range of styles and functionalities.
Several factors should be considered when selecting a fence gate. The number of gates required depends on the property's size and desired access points. A smaller property might only necessitate a single gate, while a larger property or one with multiple access needs might require several. The type of gate is another important consideration, with options including single, double, swinging, and sliding configurations. Single gates, a common and practical choice, are suitable for smaller driveways or pedestrian entrances. Double gates, ideal for wider driveways, create a more symmetrical and grand entrance. Swinging gates, which open inward or outward on hinges, are a popular and versatile option for many homeowners. Sliding gates, which move horizontally along a track, are best suited for larger openings where space for a swinging gate is limited. The choice of material for the gate should also align with the overall fence design and desired level of maintenance. While some materials, like vinyl, require minimal upkeep, others, such as wood, may necessitate regular maintenance to preserve their appearance and longevity.
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Fence posts are the foundational vertical supports that provide stability and structure to any fence. These posts are strategically placed at regular intervals along the fence line and are firmly anchored in the ground, typically using concrete or gravel for enhanced stability. The materials used for fence posts vary depending on the overall fence design, budget, and desired aesthetic, but common choices include wood, metal (such as steel or aluminum), and composite materials.
Several distinct types of fence posts serve specific functions within the fence structure. Corner posts, as the name suggests, are positioned at the corners of the fence where the direction changes. These posts are generally larger and more robust than other posts to withstand the increased stress and tension at these points. End posts mark the termination points of the fence line. A key characteristic of end posts is that they have pre-drilled holes or attachments only on one side to accommodate the end of the fencing material. Line posts, also known as intermediate posts, connect the straight sections of the fence between the corner and end posts. These are typically spaced at regular intervals to provide consistent support along the fence line.
Gate posts are specialized posts designed to support the weight and movement of a gate. Depending on the location of the gate within the fence line, gate posts can function as corner, end, or line posts. However, they are unique in that they consist of two posts positioned closely together to provide a sturdy frame for the gate's hinges and latches. Pull posts are employed in situations where a fence follows a steep incline, such as along a staircase or hillside. These posts provide additional support and stability to the fence as it ascends or descends the grade.
Proper installation of fence posts is crucial for the overall integrity and longevity of the fence. A general guideline for setting fence posts is that the depth of the hole should be approximately one-third to one-half of the post's above-ground height. This ensures adequate stability and resistance to wind and other external forces. For example, a standard six-foot-tall fence post should be set in a hole that is at least two feet deep. This depth may need to be increased in areas with particularly unstable soil or high wind conditions.
Fences serve a variety of purposes. One common type is the privacy fence, which not only creates a personal oasis but also adds a layer of security by obstructing the view of valuables. This seclusion enhances the usability of backyard spaces by making them ideal for recreational activities without external interference. Common options for privacy fences include composite fencing materials, solid wood panel fences, and vinyl privacy fences. Each offers different levels of durability, maintenance, and aesthetic appeal.
Another distinct fence category is the rail fence, which is often used for agricultural or rural settings. These fences are typically constructed with horizontal rails connected to vertical posts. Rail fences are effective for containing livestock and defining property lines in open areas. These fences can be made from various materials, including wood, metal, or vinyl. Perimeter fences focus on defining the boundaries of a property, acting as a clear demarcation line between one property and another. Perimeter fences can range from simple wire fences to more substantial structures depending on the desired level of security and aesthetic.
Security fences prioritize protection and deter unauthorized access. These are often taller and more robust than other types of fences. And usually incorporating features like barbed wire, razor wire, or electronic monitoring systems. These fences are commonly used around industrial facilities, government buildings, and other high-security areas.
Utilitarian fences prioritize function over form - focusing on practical solutions for various containment and protection needs. These fences are important in property management and animal control because this fence provides necessary barriers that blend efficiency with purpose. Examples include chain-link fences for pet containment, electric fences for livestock, invisible fences using underground wires for pet containment, and deer fences, typically eight feet tall, to protect gardens.
Decorative fences enhance the curb appeal of a property while still serving practical purposes. These fences allow homeowners to express their style while defining property boundaries. By balancing functionality with visual appeal, decorative fences can significantly contribute to a home’s overall landscape design. Examples include ornamental iron fences for elegant boundaries, picket fences for charming, traditional looks, and split-rail fences for rustic charm.
On the other hand, combination fences address situations where multiple needs must be met simultaneously. For instance, a homeowner might choose a tall, solid privacy fence for the backyard to maximize seclusion and security, while opting for a decorative picket fence in the front yard to enhance curb appeal. This approach allows for meeting the functional requirements of different areas without compromising on visual appeal. By mixing and matching fencing types, a cohesive look can be achieved that effectively addresses distinct functional areas of any property.
Whether you are looking for a privacy fence to a picket fence or ornamental iron fence, Elite Home Solutions has you covered!
Horizontal fences are distinguished by their emphasis on horizontal lines. The primary vertical supports are the fence posts, which are crucial for maintaining the fence's stability. To prevent sagging of the horizontal elements, these posts are typically spaced no more than six feet apart. The most prominent horizontal elements are the fence boards themselves, which run horizontally between the posts. A key design feature is that the ends of these boards face the posts, rather than being exposed to the elements, which helps to protect them from weathering and prolong their lifespan. For added durability and structural integrity, rails are often incorporated at the top and bottom of the fence, providing further support for the horizontal boards. Finally, infill materials can be used to fill the spaces between the horizontal fence boards. These infill options include wood slats, composite planks, or tongue-and-groove pickets, offering various levels of privacy and visual interest.
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Pickets are the defining vertical elements of a picket fence, which are typically characterized by their pointed or decorative tops. These boards are attached to horizontal rails, which are themselves fastened to the sturdy fence posts. This creating the iconic picket fence structure. While standard pickets are generally 2–3 inches wide, their height and thickness can vary to achieve different aesthetic styles and accommodate homeowner preferences. The term "picket" derives from the French word "piquet," referring to pointed stakes used by infantry to defend against cavalry charges. These stakes served as a protective barrier for archers on battlefields. This defensive origin explains the picket's resemblance to these pointed stakes. European settlers brought the concept of the picket fence to America, using it both to demarcate property boundaries and provide a measure of defense. Although traditionally constructed from wood, picket fences can now be crafted from a range of materials, including aluminum, iron, and vinyl. Historically, wooden picket fences were often left unpainted, but the now-classic image is of a white-painted fence.
Picket fences serve diverse purposes - functioning as both privacy screens and decorative garden borders. Picket fences versatility allows them to enhance curb appeal while also providing a degree of enclosure. Design variations can include thicker posts interspersed between the pickets for added visual interest, as well as incorporating decorative arches and functional gates.
Elite Home Solutions can build a beautiful picket fence to match your property!
Post anchors are specialized hardware designed to securely fasten fence posts, which provide crucial stability and prevent movement. These brackets serve various purposes, primarily securing wooden posts to concrete footings, creating a robust and long-lasting connection. In situations where pouring concrete is impractical or undesirable, post anchors offer an alternative method for stabilizing fence posts, often using ground spikes or other anchoring mechanisms. Beyond fencing, post anchors also find applications in other structures, such as mounting solar panels and arrays, demonstrating their versatility in securing vertical supports.
Fence post caps are protective and decorative covers designed to fit snugly over the tops of fence posts. Post caps serve multiple functions and enhance both the longevity and appearance of the fence. Primarily, post caps shield the posts from the damaging effects of weather elements such as wind, hail, rain, and sun. Caps also help prevent wood posts from drying out, cracking, and becoming infested with insects. Structurally, post caps contribute to the fence's overall integrity by distributing the weight of the fence more evenly across the post, which reduces the risk of cracking and splitting.
Beyond post caps’ protective qualities, these caps offer a significant decorative element. Available in a wide array of styles, colors, and finishes, these caps can complement the fence's design and enhance the overall aesthetic of the surrounding landscape. They also improve safety by covering any rough or sharp edges on the post tops, minimizing the potential for injuries. In some cases, post caps with a slight point or projection can deter birds and other animals from perching on the posts. These versatile caps are manufactured from various materials, each offering different characteristics in terms of durability, cost, and appearance. Common materials include wood, vinyl, ASA resin (a weather-resistant plastic), copper, aluminum, stainless steel, and standard plastic or PVC.
If you want to a dynamic fence, Elite Home Solutions is your licensed contractor!
Finials are decorative ornaments that enhance the visual appeal of various structures, most notably adorning the tops of fence posts, gate pickets, or the peaks of roofs and other architectural elements. These decorative accents can be crafted from a range of materials, including wood, metal, or stone, and come in a diverse variety of shapes and sizes, from simple and understated to elaborately ornate, depending on the desired aesthetic. While frequently seen on wrought iron fences, finials can also be used on aluminum fences to impart a more traditional or classic look.
Beyond their purely decorative function, finials offer a practical benefit by protecting the exposed end grain of wooden posts from moisture, thus extending the post's lifespan. They can also present a minor obstacle to rodents that might otherwise run along the top of the fence.
While their primary association is with fences and architectural features, finials are also used in a variety of other applications, including bed posts, clocks, lampshades, souvenir spoons, and ceiling fans, demonstrating their versatility as decorative elements across different objects and contexts.
Elite Home Solutions can make sure your fence is eye catching – Call us to learn more!
History of Fences: More Than Boundaries in Early America
In 1803, Humphry Repton observed that in England, fencing practices, encompassing both hedges and ditches, were distinct to each county and were considered the domain of the farmer rather than the landscape gardener. This distinction, however, was less clear-cut in America, where the acts of partitioning, cultivating, and beautifying the land were often intertwined. The frequent appearance of fences in both written accounts and visual representations underscores their fundamental role in the designed American landscape.
As dictionaries define it - a fence serves to enclose various spaces, including gardens, cornfields, parks, woodlands, and even groups of trees. G. Gregory noted in 1816 that these enclosures could be created using a variety of methods, including hedges, walls, ditches, or earthen banks. The vocabulary of American landscape design is rich with terms describing different fence types: blind, board, close, cradle, cross, double, hurdle, invisible, live (living), open board, pale/paling, palisade, picket, post-and-plank, post-and-rail, snake, sunk (ha-ha), trellis, Virginia, wattle, wire, worm, and zigzag, demonstrating the diversity of forms and functions. While a variety of wood types could be used, a typical paling fence often incorporated different species for specific purposes. Durable hardwoods like locust, cedar, or oak were commonly chosen for posts, while wood with high tensile strength, such as oak, poplar, or pine, was used for the rails. Lighter woods, such as pine, were suitable for the pales themselves.
Fences served as primary boundary markers, defining property lines and distinguishing "improved" land from "unimproved" wilderness. Early legislation frequently mandated the fencing of landholdings. Within a property, fences also delineated different land uses, separating fields, meadows, pastures, orchards, and yards. Within the garden itself, fences further subdivided areas like the flower garden, kitchen garden, and nursery. The form of the fence often reflected its specific location and purpose. For instance, post-and-rail fences were commonly used for field boundaries and divisions, while a palisaded brick wall might serve as a retaining wall on a slope, and a picket fence would typically enclose the geometrically laid-out garden near the house.
Crucially, fences played a vital role in livestock management, keeping animals contained and preventing garden damage. In early settlements, where livestock like pigs often roamed freely, colonists fenced their garden plots to protect them from foraging animals that disrupted the unfenced fields of Native Americans. On larger estates, above-ground fences or sunken fences (ha-has) surrounding the house separated grazing animals in the more naturalistic landscape parks from the more formally planted areas immediately around the residence, as illustrated in Francis Guy’s 1805 painting of Perry Hall. Urban gardens also required protection from both animal and human intrusion, and fences were essential in defining urban public spaces such as commons, squares, roads, and parks.
Beyond their practical functions, fences also held symbolic meaning. Churchyards were often fenced, partly to keep out animals but also to demarcate the sacred space within. Similarly, the yard-like enclosures created around family burials suggest an expression of the enduring family unit. In both visual depictions and actual landscapes, fences around residences symbolized the division between private property and the outside world. This boundary made the design and placement of openings, such as gates, particularly significant, as they marked the transition between public and private realms. Finally, residential fences served as a visible representation of their owners’ wealth and social standing.
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